Fast Fashion An Unethical Way - 2687 Words

Edward Achziger Ethics Pr. Campisi 12/11/14 Fast Fashion: An Unethical Way to Cloth the Greedy While Killing the Needy It is impossible to beat a cheap price. In today’s world, finding a sought after item at a dirt cheap price is one the main motivation American’s get in the car and battle the craziness in the mall. And as the basic American human beings that we are, it is never possible for us to be complacent with the amount of stuff we currently have. Eventually, we will come across a friend that has the next must have item that will cause us to run to our local mall and purchase a similar item at the lowest price possible. With all that said, it is no wonder why the industry of fast fashion has taken off over the past decade. Felipe Caro and Victor Martà ­nez-de-Albà ©niz, researchers for UCLA’s school of supply chain coordination, define fast fashion as â€Å"a business model that combines four elements: (i) fashionable clothes mostly for consumers under 40; (ii) affordable prices in the mid- to-low range; (iii) quick response; and (iv) frequent assortment changes†. Retailers like HM, Forever 21, Target, and Wal-Mart have been able to take this business model and make a fortune. But while all these quick trends and cheap prices are great for the consumer, its cost on the foreign worker and the environment does not go uncovered. In the book Overdressed by Elizabeth Cline, she presents many arguments supporting the claim that fast fashion is unethical based onShow MoreRelatedSpeech On Fast Fashion964 Words   |  4 Pagesdeeper in the world of fast fashion I found out of the vicious cycles that our clothing is manufactured in. B. Relevance: The brands I researched are some many of you have probably heard of. C. Credibility statement: A university of Georgia professor gave an hour-long ted talk talking about her experiences of working and traveling to different countries seeing the fast fashion industry at first hands. She now teaches about fashion sustainability and the cycles of the fast fashion market. D. CentralRead MoreSustainable Style : How Sustainable Practices Can Benefit Everyone1611 Words   |  7 PagesSustainable Style: How Sustainable Practices Can Benefit Everyone Fashion tends to work in cycles, much like the technology industry: every designated cycle, a new innovation on a previous product or new reinvention is revealed to overshadow past generations. In fashion, rather than being met with a new smartphone every year, one is met with new collections twice a year: one for the fall and winter, and another for the spring and summer (i.e.- FW and SS). However, this cyclical behavior tends toRead MoreFashion Counterfeiting1462 Words   |  6 Pagesbut rather how much they will acquire from it. This leads to consumer purchasing fashion counterfeit products which is becoming a rising issue in the United States and Europe. Counterfeiting is an illegal act of producing and selling a replica of an authentic product without the permission of the designer. This market expands from movies, games, money, even medicine to clothes and accessories. Counterfeiting is a fast-growing industry that is a worldwide problem which consumers play a huge role inRea d MoreWhy You Should Know Your Clothes Come From Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesa niche sustainable fashion and lifestyle online magazine called Who What Where. It sets out to do just what the title promised by trying to educate readers about the importance of knowing the process by which their clothing is made and distributed. In order to achieve this task the author, Jessica Schiffer, interviewed Maxine Bà ©dat, the co-founder of Zady, an increasingly popular sustainable fashion and lifestyle brand. Together they assessed the current state of fast fashion, the large and franticallyRead MoreThe Rio Grande Valley (Rgv) Is Growing Economically.There998 Words   |  4 PagesValley. As a textiles and apparel major, I’ve learned that the fashion industry is increasing the knowledge about ethically producing clothing that is also eco-friendly. The fashion industry is increasing the awareness about the negative impact fast fashion (ex. Forever 21, American Apparel, etc) has. The fashion industry in the second most polluting industry and fast fashion companies are known to practice unfair and unethical labor policies. Such awareness has been made possible by the technologyRead MoreWomen s Physical And Outer Appearance1214 Words   |  5 Pagesthe media. It is seen in Hollywood movies, beauty magazines and even marketing advertisements. Since a young age, our generation has been influenced by what the perfect body should look like. It is implanted in our minds that we should look a certain way without even realizing it. Therefore, the media has a direct effect on how the general public views what is and what isn’t acceptable in regard to the standard of perfect physical attractiveness. By establishing unattainable standards of beauty andRead MoreEthical Guidelines For The Marketing Industry1562 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes down to ethical guidelines it is pertinent that every industry have them. However, when consumers think of the marketing industry, they tend to think those are the most unethical people participating in those jobs. Marketing too has some ethical guidelines, but to what extent are they being followed to have consumers thinking otherwise? Marketing is supposed to make honest claims and satisfy the needs and wants of the customers. It is supposed to develop brand loyalty, to in turn increaseRead MoreThe Impact Of Fast Fashion On Business Environment2039 Words   |  9 Pagescorporations acting in a global surrounding (Douglas Wind, 1987). In the fashion industry, the business environment is especially competitive and firms have to adjust their business practices rapidly such as products and launching ti me of each collection on the basis of the demand of current market (Lowson, King Hunter, 1999). Companies in the fashion industry like ZARA, Topshop and HM have emerged a new trend — â€Å"fast fashion† that combines two main characteristics: short lead times and trendy designRead MoreThe Downfalls of Topshop1059 Words   |  4 PagesWeaknesses Production Facilities Topshop is among many companies around the globe that uses cheap labour, or as many people call it, â€Å"slave labour†, to produce the items being sold in their stores. The use of unethical labour can cast an unfavorable company image, which in turn may cause customers to shop elsewhere. Product-Line/Store Management Topshop is a large company, with numerous product lines and extensive staffing requirements. This contributes to high management costs. NarrowRead MoreAn Ethical Code Of Conduct For Marketing1130 Words   |  5 Pagesadvertised, especially in the case of children and of health products. The advertisements happen to ruin family budgets which eventually may cause families to break as well. An act or a campaign promoting such behaviors is most definitely unethical and should be dealt in a way every other ethically challenged matter is taken care of. To resolve the dilemma of persuasive marketing, a simple three step procedure shall be implemented: defining an ethical code of conduct for marketing, setting up a review committee

A Substance Abuse Recovery Home - 1498 Words

The need for a substance abuse recovery home in Starke County, Indiana is a need that is unmistakable in the county based on the hefty number of individuals that suffer from substance abuse and dependency in the county which is clearly displayed by the recent number of crimes that are related to or involve illicit and prescription drugs. In attempt to meet this need and create an opportunity for individuals suffering from substance abuse and dependency to receive local substance abuse treatment in a recovery home the proposal will be presented to several stakeholders within the Starke County community. The term stakeholder â€Å"refers to those people who are affected, or could be affected, by the service† (Canadian Career Development Foundation, n.d.) that is being proposed. The proposal for the creation of a substance abuse recovery home will be presented to five key stakeholders including Ms. Becky Anspach the director of Community Services of Starke County, Starke County C ommunity Corrections director of operations Mr. Robert Hinojosa, Ms. Dee Lynch the director of the Indiana Department of Child Services of Starke County, Porter Starke Services facilitator of intensive outpatient program treatment (IOP), and Ms. Rhonda Adcock the director of Starke County CASA. The director of Community Services of Starke County, Ms. Becky Anspach, completes family assessments then assists low-income families with meeting their basic needs on a daily basis. Community Services of StarkeShow MoreRelatedThe Goals And Objectives Of The Hope House1134 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are needed to accomplish each objective that is defined (Kirst-Ashman Hall, Jr., 2015). The Hope House will be the first and only substance abuse recovery home in the Starke County, Indiana area that will assist women in obtaining and maintain sobriety. The primary goal of The Hope House is to provide women that are or have suffered from substance abuse and dependency a safe, supportive, and structured environment to obtain and maintain sobriety in the Starke County community. The Hope HouseRead MoreSubstance Abuse Problems in Relationships Essay561 Words   |  3 PagesWhen someone realizes that they have a substance abuse problem, they know that their personal relationships have to change. If this relationship is with a life partner or spouse, however, the issue can become complicated. But you should know that this is not an uncommon situation. While there are no formal statistics for co-occurring substance abuse in a family, most substance abuse counselors will tell you it is actually very typical. Why is this true? Sometimes the couple came together becauseRe ad MoreDevelopment Of The Recovery Model1518 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The recovery model is very import to the field of marriage and family therapy in many different ways. Recovery allows for the client to change, and see unlimited possibility. This model is seen through the lens of values, seeking to help the client to live a rich and meaningful life. Recovery is strength based, and allows for the client to build from their personal skills set, and doesn’t blame a single person for the distress of the family. This allows for the client to gain a senseRead MoreThe Mission Of The Hope House1481 Words   |  6 Pages The mission of The Hope House is to provide individuals that suffer from substance abuse and dependency a safe local recovery home that provides support and guidance in obtaining and maintaining sobriety, which will require the program to access and implement several assets. â€Å"According to the field of community psychology, many of the most complex and intransigent social and community problems can be transformed by the recognition, appreciation, and utilization of the assets and inner resourcesRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Children1443 Words   |  6 Pagessubstance it can lead to impairment or distress in many different ways such as, â€Å"recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home, recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance-related legal problems, continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems cause d or exacerbated by the effects of the substance† (Susic, 2007). According to the Foster CareRead MoreSubstance Abuse Treatment Center Of The World798 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to the foundation of the issue. Here in Florida there many substance abuse treatment facilities, in fact there are so many that Southern Florida is not considered the substance abuse treatment center of the world. This is the description of Southern Florida that was talked about in classrooms, at an undergraduate program at Indian River State College (IRSC) in Fort Pierce Florida. Many time a professor would talk about Southern Florida being the treatment capital of the world, and thereRead MoreBecoming A Licensed Clinical Social Worker And Provide Therapeutic Services At The Emerging Market Of Farr Certified Recovery Residences1381 Words   |  6 PagesI hope to work directly with individuals seeking substance abuse treatment. Although it has recently been announced that addiction is a brain disorder rather than a behavioral issue, there is still argument that drug use is a choice and not a disease. I want to contribute to the substance abuse population because I feel the stigma that surrounds recovering addicts does not accurately portray the strength and positivity that comes from the recovery process. I want to be a part of empowering theseRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is A Brain Disease766 Words   |  4 PagesFindings Substance Abuse is a brain disease While the choice to use alcohol and drugs is initially voluntary, alcohol and/or drug addiction arises because the normal functioning of the brain is impaired so that alcoholism and drug addiction become a â€Å"chronic relapsing disease of the brain† (National Institute of Drug Abuse, Drugs, Brains and Behavior. The Science of Addiction. 2014, 5). Drugs impact the pathways of the brain by flooding the circuit with dopamine, which disturbs and distorts normalRead MoreOur Traditional Criminal Justice System957 Words   |  4 Pagesthese issues would be to have more certified substance abuse counselors. Other key factors would be to work on strategies, have key components in place, key partnerships to make the goals attainable, and above all to help the offender/clients (http://www.ncpc.org/topics/drug-abuse/strategies/strategy-substance-abuse-counseling-in-correctional-facilities). I feel that there should be more private and state run facilities that have certified substance abuse counselors. I have three younger sistersRead MoreRehabilitation Is The Most Intensive Treatment Option For Recovery953 Words   |  4 PagesRehabilitation is the most intensive treatment option for recovery. Other names are Residential Treatment Program, inpatient substance abuse treatment, drug rehabilitation, or rehab. Rehabilitation provides three unique characteristics to enhance the opportunity for a successful recovery. Treatment is away from: 1. Home. 2. Access to drugs. 3. Contact with active substance abusers. The advantages of receiving intensive treatment away from home and without access to drugs and active drug abusers are

Gun Violence in America Research Paper Free Essays

Since 1982, at least sixty-two mass shootings have occurred, thirty-two of them since 2006. (Aronsen). Jared Loughner was sentenced to life in prison after shooting nineteen people in January of 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Violence in America Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Last July, fifty-eight people were shot and twelve killed while watching the new Batman movie in a theater in Colorado. In December, twenty-six people were murdered, including twenty first-graders, in a Connecticut elementary school (Follman). The issue of gun violence only becomes relevant after a horrific event such as these, then fades from public concern after about two weeks. The number of injuries and murders using guns in the United States is a large number, which can hopefully be lowered by implementing statewide, or even nationwide gun buyback programs, stricter carrying permit laws, and making it harder for the mentally unstable and convicted felons to legally obtain guns. HISTORY/BACKGROUND The argument for or against gun control has been an ongoing battle since the beginning of the nation. The Second Amendment gives people the â€Å"right to bear arms. † When arguing for this Amendment, the factor that is not considered is that it was made so one could protect their person in case of an emergency. There was no police force when this law was created; therefore it was almost every man for himself, the people protected themselves. Now the police force is incredibly large, and is always patrolling the streets to make sure all is well and everyone is safe. Carrying a small handgun in one’s car is reasonable, but is keeping ten different models of machine guns and semi-automatic rifles at home just for fun? PRODUCTION/OWNERSHIP Every year, eight million small firearms and ten to fifteen billion rounds of ammunition are manufactured worldwide. Over eight hundred and seventy-five million firearms are in possession in the world, and 75% belong to the people (Alpers). In the United States, approximately 6. 1 million guns are produced each year and there is a ratio of 89 guns to every 100 people (â€Å"Firearms Death Rate per 100,000 by State, statehealthfacts. org†). According to a Gallup poll, the majority of gun owners possess guns for three main purposes: 67% for self-defense, 66% for target shooting, and 62% for hunting (Velasco). If one decides to own guns, they should be kept locked up safely in a private place, so there is not easy access for children in the household or someone incapable of properly operating a firearm. ARMED FELONS/MENTALLY UNSTABLE In 2005, Erik Zettergren shot Jason Robinson in the head for attempting to have sex with his wife. He then forced Robinson’s fiancà ©e to assist him in dragging his dead body to the river for disposal. Zettergren was a man with a history of mental health problems, and was a convicted felon who had his rights to possess a gun barred. Two months before the murder, a judge reinstated his rights without even holding a hearing (Luo). Felons commit 90% of all gun crimes, yet most of their rights are given back with little or no review. Juveniles and the mentally unbalanced primarily carry out the remainder of the crimes (Kates Jr. ). A German Neurologist claims he has found the â€Å"dark patch† of killer’s brains that is associated with wicked behavior. He classifies these people into three groups. The first he classifies as ‘psychologically healthy,’ people who grow up in an environment where it is ‘OK to beat, steal and murder’. The second type is the mentally disturbed criminal who looks at his world as threatening. The third group is pure psychopaths, a group in which tyrants such as Hitler and Stalin belong. (Hall) WILL IT SOLVE ANYTHING? Over thirty-eight thousand people use guns to commit suicide each year. If the guns are taken away from them, they will just find another way to kill themselves. Suicide is a problem that can’t really be solved. On the other hand, guns are also used to kill over eleven thousand people a year (Becker). Again, if the guns are taken away, murderers will find other methods to kill, but if they aren’t using guns, there hopefully won’t be as many deaths. If a man goes into a building with a gun, he can kill an almost unlimited number of people, but if he only has a knife, for example, it’s going to take a lot longer to kill that many people by the time help arrives. ANTI-GUN ORGANIZATIONS One of the most famous anti-gun organizations is the Brady Campaign, established in 1974, which has played a major role in the control of guns. Their main goal is to make it more difficult for convicted felons, the mentally unstable, and other such people to obtain guns (â€Å"About Us: History of the Brady Campaign†). They presented the Brady Act, passed in 1993, which would â€Å"impose a waiting period of up to five days for the purchase of a handgun, and subjects purchasers to a background check† (â€Å"Brady Act†). Since the imposition of this act, over one hundred million background checks have been conducted, and more than seven hundred thousand attempted purchases have been denied (â€Å"National Instant Criminal Background Check System†). Another major group is the Coalition to Stop Gun Violence, or the CSGV. Their mission statement is â€Å"The Coalition to Stop Gun Violence seeks to secure freedom from gun violence through research, strategic engagement and effective policy advocacy. † They are composed of forty-seven national organizations, including religious and social justice organizations, child welfare advocates, and public health professionals. This diversity allows them to reach a wide variety of grassroots in the world (â€Å"About Us – Coalition to Stop Gun Violence†). CONCLUSION If people like teachers had carrying permits, they could keep a gun locked up in the classroom, so if a person with a gun comes bursting through the door and threatens to shoot people, or does shoot someone, the teacher can run to grab the gun, and protect the lives of all the children and him/herself. Through further investigation, it has been found that the gun murder rate can be lowered through proper enforcement of carrying permit laws, better help for the mentally unbalanced, and increased gun buybacks. How to cite Gun Violence in America Research Paper, Essays

Lessons and Policy Implications †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Lessons and Policy Implications Management. Answer: Introduction: Economy of Australia owes its importance in the very fact that it is a small economy with huge untapped potential to grow. The Australian economy consists of worlds one of the biggest mixed market economy possessing the rank of second wealthiest nation in terms of wealth held per adult. The country is mostly service sector driven that contributes 61% to GDP. These facts reveal how important these national economies are to the world economy. In the modern world, economic policies play pivotal role in the functioning of the economy as a whole taking care of the all the national economic challenges. Securing equilibrium and driving the equilibrium towards stability are something greatly depends on what and how the macroeconomic policies are undertaken. One of the important instruments of macroeconomic policies is the fiscal policy that mostly refers to the policies devised and executed by the government through the channels of tax and various form of and expenditure modulated by the government (Teles and Mussolini 2014). Fiscal policies are undertaken in order to stimulate a drooping economy or control a inflationary pressure of a booming economy. Primary focus is on boosting the consumption Management backed by increased income. Increased income can be obtained when tax is less so that disposable income is high which further allows more consumption demand to be made. Moreover, government increases autonomous expenditure i n order to stimulate the economic activity through increased employment and income. Contrastingly government can also resort to policies that deal with cutting back expenditures and leading to contraction in economic spending by consumers or producers. This paper aims to discuss the fiscal policies Australia adopted for the financial years 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 with subsequent focus on the economic overview of the country as well as the specific concerns regarding fiscal strategies.. As per the nominal gross domestic production, the country ranks 14th globally though in terms of purchasing power parity, it ranks 20th worldwide. According to IMF estimation, the country recorded its GDP at $1.258 trillion nominally. The growth rate of GDP is 1.8% annually. GDP per capita of the country is pretty high $51,850 which captures the higher per capita wealth. Australia ranks 2nd in the HDI positioned just after USA. The wealth growth rate of the country has been 4.4% annually owing to the constancy of exchange rate system. The economic activity is greatly contributed by the service sector, which comprises of largest workforce contributing to 61.1% of the GDP (Bova, Carcenac and Guerguil 2014). The next biggest component is construction and mining that contributes up to 8.1% and 6.9% respectively of the GDP. The manufacturing sector of the country produces 6% of the total national output. Agricultural production of the nation is accounted in nominal GDP only by 2.2%. the price level of coutry is moderate which is captured by the lower inflation rate recorded to be 1.9% as per 2017 data (Storm and Naastepad 2012). The country facing higher export demands, focuses more on production of goods being exported compared to the manufacturing production. This has increased the terms of trade of the country since 2000. The country is diagnosed with deeper current account deficit operating for almost 60 years till now. In 2016. the current account deficit has been recorded at AUD$ 44.5 billion almost accounting fo r 2.6% Of GDP (Cspedes and Velasco 2014). The inflation has always been controlled and well managed to prevail between 2 to 3%. Post great financial crisis and end of boom in mining sector, the cash rate has been fallingat steady rate from almost 4.75% in 2011 to 1.5% in 2016. Service sector include education, tourism, consultancies and financial services which additively contributes up to 69% of total GDP. Natural resource along with agricultural production holds 2-5% of the total GDP. They consist the maximum of the export basket mostly forwarding the good into China, Japan, South Korea, US and India. The country has been revolving around 5-6% recently after facing rise in post financial crisis reaching a peak of 6.25% (Jord and Taylor 2016). Keeping parity with the employment the wages in the country has not risen rather has been falling over time. Australia enjoys comparatively lower tax burden, public spending and public in the recent times among other OECD countries. The global financial crisis ruptured economic stability in Australia, which came back to normalcy only when the Australian government provided fiscal support to avoid recessionary pressure on economic output (Katsimi and Sarantides 2012). This has led to increasing fiscal deficit over time, which has been an alarming issue in the economy of Australia. Among the top economic issues prevailing in the Australian economy, major concern is attracted towards higher unemployment rate, higher public debts stemming from increasing fiscal deficit and housing affordability by chunk of national population. To address these issues, importance of proper fiscal policies targeted to bring stability is undeniable. Fiscal Policy Strategy: 2013-2014 The Government has inherited a budget in significant need of repair. Undertaking systemic fiscal repair to return the Budget to surplus and to reduce debt is a key election commitment of the Government. The Australian budget of 2013-14 is focused to conduct repairing the economy in order to push it to the budget surplus level. Reduction of debt is key target set behind the systematic fiscal policies (DeLong and Summers 2012). The government clearly promises the deliverance of the commitments made in form of fiscal policies. The government has aimed to restore finances of the public sector through letting the fiscal budget attain its surplus level with sustenance. It has been targeted to prevail around 1% of GDP in 6-7 years from now. To make assessment of the role and scope of government and to ensure proper usage of tax revenues, National Commission of Audit has been established by the government. The Commission brings forth he recommendations that provides the building block of the 2014-15 budget mainly aiming for the reduction in the expenditures made by the government. The nation has been able to accelerate its economic growth and productivity rate so that it can deliver the growth in standard o living with sustenance over decades (Jord and Taylor 2016). As per the government plan, the strong growth of the economy can be ascertained by making investments to enhance the quality of infrastructure while reducing red tape and promoting integrated government system that would encourage the growth. As per the budget o 2014-15, the medium term fiscal strategy o the government is to derive surplus in the budget over the period of economic cycle. The fiscal strategies outline the commitment of the government into the budget setting policies of mid term while allowing for flexibilities regarding the economic condition changes. The three major policy elements underpins the fiscal policy of that year. Redirection of governments spending into quality investment. The motive behind such is to accelerate productivity and participation o workforce. Maintenance of strong disciplines in the fiscal policies in order to deduct the share o the government involving in the economic operations over the period (Fontana and Setterfield 2016). The major concern behind this policy is to free the resources up from the public spending and redirect them to private investment so that they can create new jobs, opportunity and income o the nation as a whole that further consolidates the economic growth. Th is further captures the reduction in the payments to GDP ratio, payment o debt through bringing stabilization and then making the government securities or commonwealth purpose fall based on issues in time. The next policy is to consolidate and make the balance sheet maintained by the government much stronger through improvement of net financial worth. Budget repairment strategy is devised to bring budget surplus in the economy that also by minimum 1% o GDP by 2023-24 keeping consistency with medium term fiscal strategy (DeLong and Summers 2012). This strategy demarks out the expenditures made newly will be offsetting the reduction of the public spending encountered. The changes in the economy will shits the receipts as well as payment that would be treated as benchmark for improvement in the national output through positive impacts. Clear declaration about setting path that leads the economy out of the deficit and push toward the surplus (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). The budg et repair strategy will prevail until strong surplus is achieved and unemployment rate become much lower and economic growth reaches its expected level. The outlook analysis o the policy depicts the comprehensive path that government has set out to achieve the fiscal objectives targeted in medium term. Compared to the unsustainable situation prevailing in former government reign, the budget position has improved. Even though weaker expectation have been made due to lower GDP growth over the past years, the average annual pace of the financial year 2014-15 has been remarkable with forward estimation o the MYEFO remaining at 0.06% o GDP in this year budget. Keeping parity with fiscal strategy, there has been all in the payment to GDP ratio from 25.9 % o of GDP to 25.2% from 2014-15 to 2017-18 (DeLong and Summers 2012). The projection, which is well below the average of long term at 24.9% o GDP. The fall in the ratio symbolizes all in the public debt share o the GDP and continuous effort taken in reducing this actually sets out the trajectory to propel the economy toward surplus o budget which is highly rated target o the nation. Fall i n the ratio also suggests lower tax rates as imposed by the government and greater respond to change in economic situation. The fiscal policy of the government provides necessary flexible position for the budget and let it vary according the economic situation. This makes provision o the automatic stabilizer to operate and contribute to the aggregate demand stability. Fiscal policy being responsible one looks beyond the period of forward estimation in order to promote the long run sustainability of fiscal policies. The MYEFO of 2013-14 depicted the importance of action in order to create net return to surplus making the debts reach $667 billion. The govt. spending was placed at more affordable trajectory while allowing for future tax relief after the tax to GDP ratio reaches 23.9% by the year 2020-21. The underlying cash balance is projected to reach surplus in 2019-20. Fiscal Policy Strategy: 2015-2016 Fiscal policy of Australia is ruled by broad target of achieving balanced budget or budget surplus in the federal budget. State governments have been able to manage only small balance as a result, they dont impact the fiscal stance substantially. The recent target of the government is adoption of operational goal that would help the budget surplus reach 1% of GDP which is efficient enough to bring down the debt-GDP ratio to a minimum level (Mankiw 2014). The prediction suggests that 1% of the budget surplus in the future years would cause the debt ratio to reach 25% of GDP by 20215-26 and further reach to zero by 2040. The balanced budget of Australia has implication of longstanding preference regarding achieving low debt burdens. The tax reform of recent time focuses more on the reduced corporate tax combating the base erosion and shift of profit under corporate taxation (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). The GST has been made applicable to online digital product purchase and low-value imported goods by making legislation by the government. Economic and efficient public spending creates a strong basis for public finance increasing the effectiveness of transfer payment and welfare. Government of Australia spends more to incur additional investment for public projects that have substantial long term returns conducting cost benefit analysis prior, The fiscal position guides the nation to maintain and improve trajectory of forward estimation keeping consistency with the commitment of the government to return to the balanced budget and lead toward surplus over the while keeping the debts as low as possible. As per the estimations made in PEFO 2016, surplus in the cash balance is projected by the 2020-21. Cash deficit is expected to fall 2.1% to 0.5% of GDP. There has been remarkable revision in the expected level of fiscal deficit falling to 0.3% from 2.4% of GDP (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). As usual the budget sheds focus on the implementation of governments plan for growth stimulation and job creation. The imposition of ten year tax plan on enterprise is god source of increasing national as well as household incomes that also makes provision for the investors. This brings innovation and create employment too while keeping the tax payment of the business fair and contributing to the growth of GDP. The investment in infrastructure by the government is major component of fiscal strategy in this financial budget. Over $50 billion has been estimated to be invested between 2013 and 2020 (Coady and Gupta 2012). The another major component of government expenditure has been defense and security of the Australians. The government is making provision of $29.9 billion investment in defense through the approval of Defense White Paper in order to enhance and strengthen the capabilities of the sector (Rendahl 2016). In this fiscal, government provides enormous financial assistance as fund to the schools and hospitals for reformation as well as enhancing the quality and safety. This consolidates the long term funds for sustainable growth in these sectors too. The fiscal strategy adopted by Australian government follows the requirement of the Charter of Budget Honesty Act 1998 (Jord and Taylor 2016). Same as the previous fiscal years, the prime focus of the government is to achieve the surpl us in the budget over the course of economic cycle. Estimatation About Fiscal Policies: 2017-18 If we look at the current economic situation, the investment boom in the mining sector has gone underway. The current budget stands upon the announcements made by the government already regarding stimulating growth and create more jobs to deal with higher unemployment. The successful transition of the Australian economy is supported by the budget that brings forth such national plan. The major focus is on the tax cut to mainly businesses operating in the country in order to encourage more investments in the business (Bodie 2013). Making the export deals secured is also major focus since export is the source o exposure to new markets and opportunities. Investment in the national defense industry and defense infrastructure translates into economic growth through long run improvement in the productivity. The commitment of government is to invest in strong economy by making redirection in its investment that would boost productivity and growth. The action of government through fiscal str ategy is to handle the pressure of cost that is faced by business and household sector. Higher priorities are given on funding the main services provided by government on which mass of population depend. The government ensures the benefits are accessed and utilized by Australians mostly rural people. The budget of 2017-18 is a depiction of fairness and responsibility towards balance pathway of the economy. The cash balance of the economy is having an expectation to improve and increase from a deficit of $29.4 billion (1.6 per cent of GDP) in 2017 to a projected surplus of $7.4 billion (0.4 per cent of GDP) in 2020. This financial budget is a proper mechanism to demonstrate fiscal discipline of the government. The restraints on government expenditure and policy of budget repairing caused projected growth in the bottom line of $11.4 billion ranging over 2017-2021 as compared to 2016-17 budget. In relation to the negotiations made in Senate, new expenditure decisions are offset by reduction in the same (Arestis 2012). The expectation regarding net operation balance indicates an improvement from a deficit of $19.8 billion (1.1 per cent of GDP) in 2017-18 to reach a projected surplus of $7.6 billion (0.4 per cent of GDP) in 2019-20 and reach almost $17.5 billion (0.8 per cent of GDP) in 2020-21. The cash balance is forecasted to continue being in surplus reaching 0.5% of GDP in 2024-25 (Armingeon 2012.). The government has long borne strategy of achieving and sustaining the surplus budget is also carried out in this budget too in order to maintain the fiscal discipline (Afonso and Sousa 2012). Conso lidating the balance sheet of the government and redirection in spending and investment decisions are also the major factors that have been remained to be same for over past five years now that targets mostly to take the economy out of fiscal deficit and propel toward surplus one along with stimulating the growth in overall economy through the channel of productivity and workforce participation. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it is quite clear that the economy of Australia captures much of global attention. The country has been managing to sustain a stable economic growth over time. The Great Financial Crisis had worse impact on Australia even though the nation was not directly involved or linked to the poor performance of capital or failure of lending. However since the country is linked with US and other nations through channel of international trade, the post crisis global halt affected economic outcome of the nation leading to all in GDP growth rate and international trade volume contracted too. This recessionary impact of the country was counteracted by the expansionary monetary as well as fiscal policies adopted by the national government in order to boost the economic activity. This has led to huge debt burden on the country. The public debt ratio to GDP and the payment to GDP ratio has been greater over the years. This has led to stringent fiscal policies like increase in tax burden, reduction in government spending in order to take the nation out of the shackles of higher fiscal deficit and lead toward budget surplus. 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